ALTIVIA - Application Detail (Coagulation)

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Coagulation

Surface water sources often contain suspended and colloidal solids produced by decaying vegetation, microorganisms and soil erosion. Coagulation is a destabilization of colloidal particles in a suspension by physical and chemical processes resulting in the joining of minute particles which can be more easily settled from the solution. Fine particles must be removed by coagulation prior to filtration. Chemical coagulants are added to the source water to neutralize the surface charge, which is usually negative, found on colloidal material. Coagulants are electrochemically positive (cationic) by definition. By removing the repulsive forces between suspended solid particles they are able to form flocs upon contact which are then removed by settling. Common coagulants include inorganic chemicals (alum, ferric salts, polyaluminum chloride) and organic chemicals (polyamines, polyquaternary amines, polyDMDAAC, and epi-polyamines).

The coagulation process is utilized in drinking water, industrial and environmental remediation applications. Enhanced coagulation practices in drinking water plants are also gaining popularity with the introduction of new regulations by the USEPA.

Sub Applications

Drinking Water

Drinking Water / Enhanced Coagulation

Environmental Remediation